Cybersecurity
OT and ICS Cybersecurity: A Practical Guide to IEC 62443
Industrial environments cannot be secured like an office network. A practical approach to visibility, segmentation and monitoring that respects safety and uptime.
Key takeaways
- Cloud breaches are mostly configuration and identity failures.
- CSPM continuously checks cloud settings against benchmarks and policies.
- CNAPP unifies posture, workload protection, identity entitlements and code scanning.
- Fix issues in infrastructure-as-code to stop them recurring.
The cloud shared-responsibility gap
Cloud providers secure the underlying infrastructure; customers are responsible for how they configure services, identities and data. Publicly exposed storage, overly permissive roles, disabled logging and unencrypted databases are among the most common causes of cloud data exposure.
What CSPM does
Cloud Security Posture Management tools connect to cloud accounts through read-only APIs and continuously assess configurations against benchmarks such as CIS and provider best practice, plus your own policies. They flag issues, map them to compliance frameworks and, in some cases, remediate automatically.
From CSPM to CNAPP
| Capability | What it covers |
|---|---|
| CSPM | Configuration and compliance posture |
| CWPP | Workload protection for VMs, containers and serverless |
| CIEM | Cloud identity entitlements and excessive permissions |
| IaC scanning | Misconfigurations caught in templates before deployment |
| Attack path analysis | Combines findings to show real routes to sensitive data |
A Cloud-Native Application Protection Platform (CNAPP) brings these together, so a public VM with a critical vulnerability and an over-privileged role is flagged as one urgent attack path rather than three unrelated alerts.
Implementation steps
- Connect every subscription, account and project — including development.
- Agree a baseline policy set and tune out noise.
- Assign findings to owning teams through your ITSM or DevOps backlog.
- Prioritise internet exposure, sensitive data and identity risks.
- Shift left: enforce the same policies in CI/CD pipelines.
- Report posture trends to leadership monthly.
Regulatory alignment
Map CSPM policies to ISO 27001, SOC 2, PCI DSS and CIS benchmarks so posture reports double as audit evidence.
Prioritising findings
| Priority | Example |
|---|---|
| Critical | Publicly accessible storage containing sensitive data |
| High | Internet-exposed VM with critical vulnerability and admin role |
| Medium | Logging disabled on a non-production account |
| Low | Missing tags or naming standard deviations |
How NAZZTEC helps
We deploy and tune CSPM and CNAPP tools across Azure, AWS, Google Cloud and OCI, map policies to your frameworks and integrate remediation into DevOps workflows.
Next step: explore our Cloud Solutions and Cybersecurity Solutions, or read about cloud landing zones.
Frequently asked questions
Do the cloud providers' native tools count as CSPM?
Yes — Microsoft Defender for Cloud, AWS Security Hub and Google Security Command Center provide CSPM features. Third-party tools add multi-cloud consistency.
Does CSPM need agents?
CSPM is generally agentless through cloud APIs. Workload protection may use agents or agentless snapshot scanning.
How quickly can we see results?
Initial findings appear within hours of connecting accounts; meaningful risk reduction follows once ownership and remediation workflows are in place.
NAZZTEC Editorial TeamWritten and reviewed by NAZZTEC practitioners. This briefing is general guidance, not legal advice.
